Taste the local fruit wine in Sirince
Economy of Turkey
| Economy of Turkey | |
|---|---|
| Currency | Turkish lira (TRY) |
| Fiscal year | calendar year |
| Trade organisations | G-20 major economies, OECD, EU Customs Union, WTO, ECO, BSEC |
| Statistics | |
| GDP | $1.232 Trillion (2011) |
| GDP growth |
 +8.49 % (2011) |
| GDP per capita |
$10,498 (Nominal) (2011) $16,885 (PPP) (2011) |
| GDP by sector | agriculture: 9.4%; industry: 25.9%; services: 64.7% (2009 est.) |
| Inflation (CPI) | %9.07 (July 2012) |
| Gini coefficient | 39 (2008) |
| Labour force | 25.3 million (2009 est.) note: about 1.2 million Turks work abroad |
|
Labour force by occupation |
agriculture: 29.5%, industry: 24.7%, services: 45.8% (2005) |
| Unemployment | 8.8% (December 2011) |
| Main industries | textiles, food processing, autos, electronics, tourism, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper |
| Ease of Doing Business Rank | 71st |
| External | |
| Exports | $143.93 billion (2010) |
| Export goods | apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment |
| Main export partners | Germany 9.6%, France 6.1%, U.K. 5.8%, Italy 5.8%, Iraq 5% (2009 est.) |
| Imports | $235.49 billion (2010) |
| Import goods | machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment |
| Main import partners | Russia 14%, Germany 10%, China 9%, U.S. 6.1%, Italy 5.4%, France 5% (2009 est.) |
| FDI stock | $205 billion (31 December 2009 est.) |
| Gross external debt | $274 billion (31 December 2009 est.) |
| Public finances | |
| Public debt | 43% of GDP (Q1 2012) |
| Revenues | $145.3 billion (2009) |
| Expenses | $180.6 billion (2009) |
| Credit rating |
|
| Foreign reserves | US$92.170 billion (March 2011) |
|
Main data source: CIA World Fact Book All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars |
|
Agriculture
Turkey is the world's largest producer of hazelnut, cherry, fig, apricot, quince and pomegranate; the second largest producer of watermelon, cucumber and chickpea; the third largest producer of tomato, eggplant, green pepper, lentil and pistachio; the fourth largest producer of onion and olive; the fifth largest producer of sugar beet; the sixth largest producer of tobacco, tea and apple; the seventh largest producer of cotton and barley; the eighth largest producer of almond; the ninth largest producer of wheat, rye and grapefruit, and the tenth largest producer of lemon.
Flora of Turkey
Turkey is surrounded by four seas, each with its own ecological constitution and the relatively late development of industry and agriculture has resulted in an phenomenal wealth of plant and animal life within Turkey’s borders. Turkey is also situated on the main migratory routes for birds between Asia, Africa and Europe, thus increasing the number of species found here.
Turkey has almost as many species of wild flowers as the rest of Europe combined; of the over 9000 species so far identified more than one third are native to the country, many found nowhere else on earth. The significance of this number becomes evident if we compare it with Europe as a whole, containing about 24% more species (about 11500), distributed over a thirteen times larger area. Turkey is regarded as an important gene centre for many cultivated crops, whose wild ancestors can still be found growing in Anatolia.